POLITICAL SCIENCE-2015-CBSE(Outside Delhi) Set-I

The U.S. launched ‘Operation Enduring Freedom’ against all those suspected to be behind the attack of 9/11, particularly Al-Qaeda and the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.

The Soviet economy was planned and controlled by the state only whereas the capitalist economy was enjoyed by the people or group of people as well as by the state.

During the emergency, distribution of powers was suspended. All the powers came into the hands of the central government because of the Presidential Rule.

Under Regionalism, the set of demands raised by the people are for the development of that particular region within the country which is the key feature of democracy, whereas communalism represents the demands of a particular religious community for a separate independent region to rule over or for their own vested interests.

Some people feel that Article 370 should be revoked because they believe that the special status of the state conferred by this Article does not allow full integration of the state within India.

Two benefits of Globalisation are:

(i) There is increase in the volume of trade in goods and services.

(ii) Improved production efficiency and healthy competition.

Two suggested measures to have good relations with Pakistan are: -

(i) Cultural exchanges by prominent personalities.
(ii) Economic cooperation should be encouraged by both the countries.

Congress as an ideological Coalition Factors:-

(i) Different groups merged their identity within the Congress. Very often they continued to exist within the Congress as groups and individuals holding different beliefs.

(ii) It accommodated the revolutionary and pacifist, conservative and radical, extremists and moderates as well as the right, left and all shades of the centre. It was a platform for numerous groups.

Some most important outcomes of Rio Summit are:

(i) The Rio Summit produced conventions dealing with climate change, biodiversity, forestry etc.
(ii) It recommended a list of developmental practices called ‘Agenda 21.’

With the disintegration of Soviet Union:

(i) Cold War ended and the US became the sole super power.

(ii) The capitalist economy became the dominant economic system internationally.