Geography: 2015: CBSE: [Delhi]: Set – III

Characteristics of sub-urbanization -

     i.        People move away from congested urban areas to cleaner areas outside the city.

    ii.        Everyday thousands of people commute from their homes in the suburbs to their workplaces in the city.

Factors mostly helped in the development of ancient towns in India:

     i.        Religion

    ii.        Culture

Golden Quadrilateral: - It comprises construction of 5846 km long 4/6 lane, high density traffic corridor to connect India’s four big metro cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai & Kolkata. With the construction of Golden Quadrilateral, the time - distance and cost of movement among the mega cities of India will be considerably minimized.

Sources of water Pollutants created by humans –

     i.        Sewage disposal

    ii.        Urban run – off

Density of population is the ratio between the number of people to the size of land OR Density of Population = Population/Area

People engaged in primary activities are called Red Collar Workers.

The Autobahn is the federal controlled-access highway system in Germany.

     i.        2000 in Argentina and Portugal

    ii.        2500 in USA and Thailand

  iii.        5000 in India

  iv.        30000 in Japan.

   v.        In Denmark, Sweden and Finland all places with a population size of 250 persons are called urban.

  vi.        The minimum population for a city is 300 in Iceland, where as in Canada and Venezuela, it is 1000 persons.

Knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop technology-

i.        Understanding of concepts of friction and heat helped us discover fire.

ii.        Understanding of the secrets of DNA and genetics enabled us to conquer many diseases.

iii.        The laws of aerodynamics are used to develop faster planes.

The development of modern towns in India :-

     i.        The British and other Europeans have developed a number of towns in India such as Surat, Daman, Goa, Puducherry, etc.

    ii.        The British later consolidated their hold around three principal nodes Mumbai, Chennai & Kolkata and built them in British style.

  iii.        They developed cantonment areas / towns.

  iv.        They developed hill stations.

   v.        They developed administrative and industrial towns such as Chandigarh, Bhilai.