POLITICAL SCIENCE-2019-CBSE [DELHI]- SET-III

Boris Yeltsin opposed the coup that took place in the Soviet Union in 1991 because he was against the Centralised control. People do not want the old style rule of the communist party.

The diplomats and leaders often used to communicate and mediate between the Cold War rivals such as in the Korean war in the early 1950s.

The benefits of having an International Organisation –

i) Nations can usually see that there are some things they must do together. There are issues that are so challenging that they can only be dealt with when everyone works together, for example, some diseases, environmental degradation, Global Warming, etc.

(i) It gives a common platform to discuss issues of International concern e. g. Environment, Epidemics, International wars & Peace & other International issues.

Arms control regulates the acquisition or development of weapons. e.g.: Anti- Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM), Nuclear Non – Proliferation Treaty (NPT) etc.

(i) Reorganisation of states on the basis of language gave the uniform basis to the drawing of state boundaries.

(ii) It underlined the acceptance of the principle of diversity

b) The UN had given consent to invade Iraq.
After a series of diplomatic attempts failed at convincing Iraq to quit its aggression, the United Nations mandated the liberation of Kuwait by force. It came to be known as first Gulf war (1991).
In 2003, the US launched its invasion of Iraq. More than forty other countries joined in the US-led coalition of the willing’ after the UN refused to give its mandate to the invasion.

The commission gave its recommendation in 1980. The commission advised that ‘backward classes’ should be understood to mean ‘backward castes’, since many castes other than scheduled castes, were also treated as low in caste hierarchy.

Mandal commission recommended reserving 27 percent of seats in educational institutions and government jobs for these groups.

Mikhail Gorbachev was the last leader to the Soviet Union. He remained leader of Soviet Union for six years (1985-1991) before Boris Yeltsin became the first elected President of Russia.

Nehru reminded the world, non-alignment was not a policy of ‘fleeing away’. On the contrary, India was in favour of actively intervening in world affairs to soften Cold war rivalries.

Impact of National Emergency

(i) Fundamental Rights of the citizens were suspended. It led to the censorship of Press. It restricted the freedom of speech & expressions.

(ii) Brought out the weakness & strengths of India’s democracy. It highlighted the ambiguities regarding the emergency provisions within the constitution.